Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2013,9, 2434–2445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.281
of Mathematics and Science, University of South Carolina Salkehatchie, Walterboro, South Carolina, 29488, USA 10.3762/bjoc.9.281 Abstract Raresugars, referred to as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely exist in nature, can be applied in many areas ranging from foodstuffs to
pharmaceutical and nutrition industry, or as starting materials for various natural products and drug candidates. Unfortunately, an important factor restricting the utilization of raresugars is their limited availability, resulting from limited synthetic methods. Nowadays, microbial and enzymatic
-gulose, L-galactose, L-fucose, allitol, D-talitol, and L-sorbitol. New systems and robust catalysts resulting from advancements in genomics and bioengineering are also discussed.
Keywords: biosynthesis; enzyme; hexose; microorganism; raresugars; Introduction
Raresugars are referred to as
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Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1:
Synthesis of D-tagatose from D-galactose using L-arabinose isomerase.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2013,9, 332–341, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.38
against this bacterium [24][25][26][27][28].
The synthesis of fucosamine building blocks has been reported in the literature, but it is highly affected by long synthetic sequences, extensive protecting group manipulations and expensive starting materials [29][30][31][32][33]. The de novo synthesis of rare
sugars [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] provides an attractive alternative for rapid access to the required building blocks, but this approach has not been reported for D- or L-fucosamine [29][30][31][32][33][44][45][46].
Here, a full account of the de novo synthesis of differentially protected D
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Graphical Abstract
Figure 1:
Structure of some O-linked glycans found on the cell surface of P. aeruginosa.